generic term for grave marker found on a wall or ceiling/vault to draw attention to a floor tomb or grave; sometimes called a "formella" in Italian scholarship when referring to a framed stone block
shield-like motif, with a form combining oval and triangular elements, typically having three sides, often rounded, with the form being wider at the top and tapering to a point at the bottom; often elaborated with strap-work, scrolls, and mantling
process of making changes to objects, especially buildings or other structures, with the intention of improving their physical condition, returning them to a good state of repair, and/or updating their style
